Which device is specifically designed to shield the user from the primary X-ray beam?

The device specifically designed to shield the user from the primary X-ray beam is the collimator. A collimator is a critical component in X-ray machines, as it helps to narrow the beam of X-rays to the necessary dimensions to minimize unnecessary exposure to radiation. By controlling the size and shape of the X-ray beam, a collimator reduces scatter radiation and improves image quality, while also protecting staff and patients from unnecessary radiation exposure.

In contrast, lead gloves, aprons, and thyroid shields serve as personal protective equipment aimed at protecting specific body parts from radiation exposure, rather than actively controlling the X-ray beam itself. While these items are essential for safety in environments where X-ray exposure occurs, they do not function in the same capacity as a collimator, which specifically manages the primary X-ray beam.